What is albinism characterized by?

Albinism is characterized by a deficiency of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes due to a genetic mutation that affects the production of melanin. Individuals with albinism have little or no melanin, resulting in lighter skin and hair compared to those with typical pigmentation. This lack of melanin also leads to other associated characteristics, including sensitivity to sunlight and an increased risk of skin damage and sunburn. The biological basis of this condition fundamentally revolves around the absence or impairment of the enzyme tyrosinase, which is crucial for melanin synthesis. Thus, deficiency of pigment is a defining feature of albinism, accurately describing the condition.